Landing page for project EB088

Recent studies have revealed that core-collapse supernovae (SNe) produce a continuum of outflow velocities, from the slow Ib/c to the GRB-SNe associated with highly relativistic jets observed on-axis. Intermediate to these are the relativistic SNe, which show evidence for relativistic outflows at early times but are not associate with gamma-ray emission. Our team has recently completed a systematic cross matching between known supernovae and images from the VLA Sky Survey, identifying 23 sources with late-time radio emission. Among these is the relativistic supernova SN2012ap. Follow-up observations revealed that SN2012ap is a bright S-band source at almost 3000 days post explosion, with the late-time radio emission being entirely inconsistent with the evolution observed at early times. The delayed emission is likely the result of either i) an off-axis relativistic jet that has decelerated and is emitting into our line of sight, ii) the emergence of a pulsar wind nebula (an electron-positron wind confined by the slowest SNe outflows), or iii) interactions with the SNe and density enhancements in the CSM. SN2012ap is an ideal target to explore the mechanisms driving delayed emission from relativistic SNe using high angular resolution observations.

This data is part of the archive of VLBI data maintained by JIVE on behalf of the EVN, a network of radio telescopes located primarily in Europe and Asia, with additional antennas in South Africa. The EVN archive itself has the DOI https://doi.org/10.17616/R3Z197